Work in an anthology or an essay in a bookījork, R. Children of color: Psychological interventions with minority youth. American Psychological Association.Īnthologies, coursepacks, dictionaries & encyclopedias Associations, corporations, agencies, government departments and organizations are considered authors when there is no single author.Īmerican Psychological Association.If works by the same author are published in the same year, arrange alphabetically by title and add a letter after the year as indicated below.Amusing ourselves to death: Public discourse in the age of show business. Arrange by the year of publication, the earliest first.Family mediation: Facts, myths, and future prospects. If no DOI is present, replace DOI with a URL.Violent video game effects on children and adolescents: Theory, research and public policy. Learn more.Īnderson, C.A., Gentile, D.A., & Buckley, K.E. Add the DOI after the publisher's information.ĭOIs often appear in the citation or the abstract of an article and look like this: doi:10.1016/j.paid.2015.04.008.
The careful writer: A modern guide to English usage (2nd ed.). 276)įurther examples and explanations are available in Section 8.27 of the Publication Manual.īernstein, T. Earlier studies were clearly premature in attributing the results to a placebo effect. Furthermore, the behaviors were never exhibited, even when reel drugs were administered. The "placebo effect," which had been verified in previous studies, disappeared when behaviors were studied in this manner.
Provide the author, publication year and a page number. Quotations of less than 40 words should be incorporated in the text and enclosed with double quotation marks.The reader can then follow up on the complete reference in the Reference List page at the end of your paper. If it will not cause confusion for the reader, names may be abbreviated thereafter:įirst citation: (National Institute of Mental Health, 1999)ĭirect quotations allow you to acknowledge a source within your text by providing a reference to exactly where in that source you found the information. The names of groups that serve as authors (e.g., corporations, associations, government agencies, and study groups) are usually spelled out each time they appear in a text citation.If there are three or more authors, include the last name of only the first author followed by "et al.":.as has been shown (James & Ryerson, 1999). as James and Ryerson (1999) demonstrated. If there are two authors, include the last name of each and the publication year:.Within a paragraph, you need not include the year in subsequent references. In most cases, providing the author's last name and the publication year are sufficient:.
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